As a setting we have a high commitment to ensure our practice is effective and allows all of our children to have the best possible start to their education. Below we have outlined the 7 key areas of effective practice, to explain what we have in place to ensure we provide the best curriculum for all our Little Stars.
Seven key features of effective practice:
1. The best for every child
• All children deserve to have an equal chance of success.
• High-quality early education is good for all children. It is especially important for children from disadvantaged backgrounds.
• When they start school, children from disadvantaged backgrounds are, on average, 4 months1 behind their peers. We need to do more to narrow that gap.
• Children who have lived through difficult experiences can begin to grow stronger when they experience high quality early education and care.
• High-quality early education and care is inclusive. Children’s special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) are identified quickly. All children promptly receive any extra help they need, so they can progress well in their learning.
2. High-quality care
• The child’s experience must always be central to the thinking of every practitioner.
• Babies, toddlers and young children thrive when they are loved and well cared for.
• High-quality care is consistent. Every practitioner needs to enjoy spending time with young children.
• Effective practitioners are responsive to children and babies. They notice when a baby looks towards them and gurgles and respond with pleasure.
• Practitioners understand that toddlers are learning to be independent, so they will sometimes get frustrated.
• Practitioners know that starting school, and all the other transitions in the early years, are big steps for small children.
3. The curriculum: what we want children to learn
• The curriculum is a top-level plan of everything the early years setting wants the children to learn.
• Planning to help every child to develop their language is vital.
• The curriculum needs to be ambitious. Careful sequencing will help children to build their learning over time.
• Young children’s learning is often driven by their interests. Plans need to be flexible.
• Babies and young children do not develop in a fixed way. Their development is like a spider’s web with many strands, not a straight line.
• Depth in early learning is much more important than covering lots of things in a superficial way.
4. Pedagogy: helping children to learn
• Children are powerful learners. Every child can make progress in their learning, with the right help.
• Effective pedagogy is a mix of different approaches. Children learn through play, by adults modelling, by observing each other, and through guided learning and direct teaching.
• Practitioners carefully organise enabling environments for high-quality play. Sometimes, they make time and space available for children to invent their own play. Sometimes, they join in to sensitively support and extend children’s learning.
• Children in the early years also learn through group work, when practitioners guide their learning.
• Older children need more of this guided learning.
• A well-planned learning environment, indoors and outside, is an important aspect of pedagogy.
5. Assessment: checking what children have learnt
• Assessment is about noticing what children can do and what they know. It is not about lots of data and evidence.
• Effective assessment requires practitioners to understand child development. Practitioners also need to be clear about what they want children to know and be able to do.
• Accurate assessment can highlight whether a child has a special educational need and needs extra help.
• Before assessing children, it’s a good idea to think about whether the assessments will be useful.
• Assessment should not take practitioners away from the children for long periods of time.
6. Self-regulation and executive function
• Executive function includes the child’s ability to:
– hold information in mind
– focus their attention
– think flexibly
– inhibit impulsive behaviour.
• These abilities contribute to the child’s growing ability to self-regulate:
– concentrate their thinking
– plan what to do next
– monitor what they are doing and adapt
– regulate strong feelings
– be patient for what they want
– bounce back when things get difficult.
• Language development is central to self-regulation: children use language to guide their actions and plans. Pretend play gives many opportunities for children to focus their thinking, persist and plan ahead.
7. Partnership with parents
• It is important for parents and early years settings to have a strong and respectful partnership. This sets the scene for children to thrive in the early years.
• This includes listening regularly to parents and giving parents clear information about their children’s progress.
• The help that parents give their children at home has a very significant impact on their learning.
• Some children get much less support for their learning at home than others. By knowing and understanding all the children and their families, settings can offer extra help to those who need it most.
• It is important to encourage all parents to chat, play and read with their children.
The Early Years Foundation Stage focuses on how your child learns and what adults can do to encourage that learning. It identifies three prime areas, which are considered to be fundamental through the EYFS, and four specific areas which include essential skills and knowledge and provide important contexts for learning.
The three PRIME areas are:
Communication and Language:
The development of children’s spoken language underpins all seven areas of learning and development. Children’s back-and-forth interactions from an early age form the foundations for language and cognitive development. The number and quality of the conversations they have with adults and peers throughout the day in a language-rich environment is crucial. By commenting on what children are interested in or doing, and echoing back what they say with new vocabulary added, practitioners will build children’s language effectively.
Our staff can support this by:
Reading frequently to children, and engaging them actively in stories, non-fiction, rhymes and poems, and then providing them with extensive opportunities to use and embed new words in a range of contexts. This will give children the opportunity to thrive. Through conversation, storytelling and role play, where children share their ideas with support and modelling from their teacher, and sensitive questioning that invites them to elaborate, children become comfortable using a rich range of vocabulary and language structures.
Personal, Social & Emotional Development:
Children’s personal, social and emotional development (PSED) is crucial for children to lead healthy and happy lives, and is fundamental to their cognitive development. Underpinning their personal development are the important attachments that shape their social world. Strong, warm and supportive relationships with adults enable children to learn how to understand their own feelings and those of others.
Our staff can support this by:
Children should be supported to manage emotions, develop a positive sense of self, set themselves simple goals, have confidence in their own abilities, to persist and wait for what they want and direct attention as necessary. Through adult modelling and guidance, they will learn how to look after their bodies, including healthy eating, and manage personal needs independently. Through supported interaction with other children they learn how to make good friendships, co-operate and resolve conflicts peaceably. These attributes will provide a secure platform from which children can achieve at school and in later life.
Physical Development:
Physical activity is vital in children’s all-round development, enabling them to pursue happy, healthy and active lives. Gross and fine motor experiences develop incrementally throughout early childhood, starting with sensory explorations and the development of a child’s strength, co-ordination and positional awareness through tummy time, crawling and play movement with both objects and adults.
Our staff can support this by:
By creating games and providing opportunities for play both indoors and outdoors, adults can support children to develop their core strength, stability, balance, spatial awareness, co-ordination and agility. Gross motor skills provide the foundation for developing healthy bodies and social and emotional well-being. Fine motor control and precision helps with hand-eye co-ordination which is later linked to early literacy. Repeated and varied opportunities to explore and play with small world activities, puzzles, arts and crafts and the practice of using small tools, with feedback and support from adults, allow children to develop proficiency, control and confidence
The four SPECIFIC areas are:
Literacy:
It is crucial for children to develop a life-long love of reading. Reading consists of two dimensions: language comprehension and word reading. Language comprehension (necessary for both reading and writing) starts from birth. It only develops when adults talk with children about the world around them and the books (stories and non-fiction) they read with them, and enjoy rhymes, poems and songs together. Skilled word reading, taught later, involves both the speedy working out of the pronunciation of unfamiliar printed words (decoding) and the speedy recognition of familiar printed words. Writing involves transcription (spelling and handwriting) and composition (articulating ideas and structuring them in speech, before writing).
Our staff can support this by:
Offering daily opportunities to share and read books and sing songs and rhymes that reflect a range of cultures. We also offer a wide range of stimulating equipment that encourages children's mark making skills. Examples of what we offer are, creating marks with our fingers in wet sand, making marks with sticks in mud, using large brushes with paint or water or using resources such as pencils, chalk, crayons. Once the children are ready we start to explore books in further detail such as different forms of print with different functions, the cover, author and page numbers and that we read English text left to right and top to bottom. We also explore rhyme and phonics and incorporate this into our everyday practice. Once the children are ready and they have practiced their mark making skills, we start to encourage them to start forming letters. This is achieved by exploring fun activities and encouraging them to eventually put pen to paper.
Mathematics:
Developing a strong grounding in number is essential so that all children develop the necessary building blocks to excel mathematically. Children should be able to count confidently, develop a deep understanding of the numbers to 10, the relationships between them and the patterns within those numbers.
Our staff can support this by:
By providing frequent and varied opportunities to build and apply this understanding – such as using manipulatives, including small pebbles and tens frames for organising counting – children will develop a secure base of knowledge and vocabulary from which mastery of mathematics is built. In addition, it is important that the curriculum includes rich opportunities for children to develop their spatial reasoning skills across all areas of mathematics including shape, space and measures. It is important that children develop positive attitudes and interests in mathematics, look for patterns and relationships, spot connections, ‘have a go’, talk to adults and peers about what they notice and not be afraid to make mistakes.
Understanding the world:
Understanding the world involves guiding children to make sense of their physical world and their community. The frequency and range of children’s personal experiences increases their knowledge and sense of the world around them – from visiting parks, libraries and museums to meeting important members of society such as police officers, nurses and firefighters. In addition, listening to a broad selection of stories, non-fiction, rhymes and poems will foster their understanding of our culturally, socially, technologically and ecologically diverse world. As well as building important knowledge, this extends their familiarity with words that support understanding across domains. Enriching and widening children’s vocabulary will support later reading comprehension.
Our staff can support this by:
Offering lots of natural and found objects within the setting that children can freely explore. We offer treasure baskets with lots of resources that the children can explore with their senses. We regularly explore our outdoor natural phenomena such as splashing in puddles, walking through tall grass, exploring flowers and plants and exploring minibeast and animals. We also have a strong ethos of promoting British values and our own values within the setting. We base our behaviour expectations around values such as tolerance, kindness and community. We have a strong ethos to promote cultures and religion and regularly explore festivals and celebrations with the children to promote diversity. We also offer a range of activities that the children can explore to investigate their senses and make sense of the world around them.
Expressive arts and design:
Understanding the world involves guiding children to make sense of their physical world and their community. The frequency and range of children’s personal experiences increases their knowledge and sense of the world around them – from visiting parks, libraries and museums to meeting important members of society such as police officers, nurses and firefighters. In addition, listening to a broad selection of stories, non-fiction, rhymes and poems will foster their understanding of our culturally, socially, technologically and ecologically diverse world. As well as building important knowledge, this extends their familiarity with words that support understanding across domains. Enriching and widening children’s vocabulary will support later reading comprehension.
Our staff can support this by:
Offering daily craft, painting and music. We introduce singing and rhymes as soon as the children start our setting. We have daily access to instruments and promote the children to explore the instruments and join in with singing, music and movement and yoga sessions.
We offer resources that encourage children to explore their imaginative skills and enable them to plan their own role play ideas.